Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Its Association with Lifestyle Choices Among Pakistani Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Dyslipidemia in Pakistan: Prevalence and Lifestyle Links
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69750/dmls.02.01.098Keywords:
Dyslipidemia, Cardiovascular Diseases, Urbanization, Lifestyle Factors, Physical Inactivity, Obesity, Pakistan, Lipid ProfileAbstract
Background: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for CVD, the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia is rising rapidly in low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan because of urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and changes in diet. Determinants of dyslipidemia are essential to understand the prevalence and development of effective public health strategies, but information on its association with lifestyle factors is limited in the Pakistani population.
Objectives: The study objectives were to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and examine its association with modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity, dietary patterns, cigarette smoking, and obesity in Pakistani adults.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ghurki Trust and Teaching Hospital, Pakistan, from December 2023 to December 2024. Structured interviews and clinical assessments, as well as fasting lipid profile measurements, were completed by participants. Dyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL for men or <50 mg/dL for women, and triglycerides >150 mg/dL. Associations between lifestyle factors and dyslipidemia were assessed by logistic regression analysis controlling for age and sex.
Results: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 79.3% (95% CI: 72.8–84.7) in the population. It was found that 65.7% of participants had low HDL-C, 50.3% had hypertriglyceridemia, 43.1% had hypercholesterolemia, and 39.7% had elevated LDL-C. Predictors included urban residence, physical inactivity, high saturated fat intake, and obesity.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of dyslipidemia among Pakistani adults suggests that public health interventions aimed at lifestyle modification, early screening, and reducing CVD burden are necessary.
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