Empathy Levels in Medical Students as they Advance through their Years of Education
Empathy in Medical Training: A Comparative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69750/dmls.01.03.035Keywords:
Medical, training, students, physician-patient relationship, empathy, medical students, character, level of empathy.Abstract
Background: At Nishtar Medical University, medical students' empathy levels across different years of medical education were compared to identify and present any differences in empathy levels between the medical students of other years.
Methods: Using cross-sectional analysis stratified random sampling technique, this study compared empathy among Nishtar Medical University medical students in the first, third, final, and internship years. MBBS 2nd and 4th-year students in Nishtar Medical University, Multan, are excluded from the study. A Google Form questionnaire was shared with the students to compare their empathy levels in various years of medical education. The sample size is 288.
Results: Empathy scores decreased over time, with first-year students scoring the highest (84.09 ± 3.68) and third-year students scoring 75.06 ± 3.71. The 5th year had a somewhat lower empathy score of 74.63 ± 3.82, followed by a considerable reduction in average scores to 64.15 ± 0.84 during the internship year.
Conclusion: A definitive cross-sectional study at Nishtar Medical University has conclusively addressed the inquiry of comparing empathy levels across the different years of medical education. The results unequivocally show a decline in empathy during undergraduate medical training.
Downloads
References
de Klerk L-M, Kramer M, Pieterse B, Smith KA, van Tiddens A, Jansen A, et al. Empathy and associated influencing factors in occupational therapy students: A cross-sectional study. South African Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2023;53(2):32-42.doi:10.17159/2310-3833/2023/vol53n2a4
Maximiano-Barreto MA, Fabrício DM, Luchesi BM, Chagas MHN. Factors associated with levels of empathy among students and professionals in the health field: a systematic review. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2020;42(2):207-15.doi: 10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0035
Stanley S, Mettilda Buvaneswari G, Meenakshi A. Predictors of empathy in women social workers. Journal of Social Work. 2020;20(1):43-63.doi: 10.1177/1468017318794280
Seeberger A, Lönn A, Hult H, Weurlander M, Wernerson A. Can empathy be preserved in medical education? Int J Med Educ. 2020;11:83-9.doi: 10.5116/ijme.5e83.31cf
Pohontsch NJ, Stark A, Ehrhardt M, Kötter T, Scherer M. Influences on students’ empathy in medical education: an exploratory interview study with medical students in their third and last year. BMC Medical Education. 2018;18(1):231.doi: 10.1186/s12909-018-1335-7
Moudatsou M, Stavropoulou A, Philalithis A, Koukouli S. The Role of Empathy in Health and Social Care Professionals. Healthcare. 2020;8(1):26.doi, https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/1/26
Ferreira-Valente A, Monteiro JS, Barbosa RM, Salgueira A, Costa P, Costa MJ. Clarifying changes in student empathy throughout medical school: a scoping review. Advances in Health Sciences Education. 2017;22(5):1293-313.doi: 10.1007/s10459-016-9704-7
Howick J, Dudko M, Feng SN, Ahmed AA, Alluri N, Nockels K, et al. Why might medical student empathy change throughout medical school? a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. BMC Medical Education. 2023;23(1):270.doi: 10.1186/s12909-023-04165-9
Hojat M, Shannon SC, DeSantis J, Speicher MR, Bragan L, Calabrese LH. Does Empathy Decline in the Clinical Phase of Medical Education? A Nationwide, Multi-Institutional, Cross-Sectional Study of Students at DO-Granting Medical Schools. Academic Medicine. 2020;95(6):911-8.doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003175
Roff S. Reconsidering the “decline” of medical student empathy as reported in studies using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Student version (JSPE-S). Medical Teacher. 2015;37(8):783-6.doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2015.1009022
Tariq N, Tayyab A, Jaffery T. Differences in empathy levels of medical students based on gender, year of medical school and career choice. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2018;28(4):310-3.doi,
Akgün Ö, Akdeniz M, Kavukcu E, Avcı HH. Medical Students’ Empathy Level Differences by Medical Year, Gender, and Specialty Interest in Akdeniz University. Journal of Medical Education and CurricularDevelopment.2020;7:2382120520940658.doi: 10.1177/2382120520940658
Silver J, Caleshu C, Casson-Parkin S, Ormond K. Mindfulness Among Genetic Counselors Is Associated with Increased Empathy and Work Engagement and Decreased Burnout and Compassion Fatigue. Journal of Genetic Counseling.2018;27(5):1175-86.doi:10.1007/s10897-018-0236-6
Shin HS, Park H, Lee Y-M. The relationship between medical students’ empathy and burnout levels by gender and study years. Patient Education and Counseling. 2022;105(2):432-9.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.05.036
Li D, Xu H, Kang M, Ma S. Empathy in Chinese eight-year medical program students: differences by school year, educational stage, and future career preference. BMC Medical Education. 2018;18(1):241.doi: 10.1186/s12909-018-1348-2
Mufarrih SH, Naseer A, Qureshi NQ, Anwar Z, Zahid N, Lakdawala RH, et al. Burnout, Job Dissatisfaction, and Mental Health Outcomes Among Medical Students and Health Care Professionals at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan: Protocol for a Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019;10.doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02552
Shapiro J. Walking a mile in their patients' shoes: empathy and othering in medical students' education. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine. 2008;3(1):10.doi: 10.1186/1747-5341-3-10
Tawfik DS, Profit J, Morgenthaler TI, Satele DV, Sinsky CA, Dyrbye LN, et al. Physician Burnout, Well-being, and Work Unit Safety Grades in Relationship to Reported Medical Errors. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2018;93(11):1571-80.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.05.014
Costa-Drolon E, Verneuil L, Manolios E, Revah-Levy A, Sibeoni J. Medical Students’ Perspectives on Empathy: A Systematic Review and Metasynthesis. Academic Medicine. 2021;96(1):142-54.doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003655
Piumatti G, Abbiati M, Baroffio A, Gerbase MW. Empathy trajectories throughout medical school: relationships with personality and motives for studying medicine. Advances in Health Sciences Education.2020;25(5):1227-42.doi: 10.1007/s10459-020-09965-y
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICO-LIFE-SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/public domain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.