The Transformative Role of Nanoenzymes in the Diagnosis, Targeted Treatment, and Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer. A comprehensive review: Role of nano enzyme in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer

Ahmed Imran; Aqsa  Gulzar; Maryam  Gulzar; Shahrooz  Basharat; Faseeha  Saman; Ayesha  Rana; Ishrat  Nazar; Sadia  Ahmad; Imsha  Maryam; Maham Gul   Sher

doi:10.69750/dmls.01.010.076

Authors

Ahmed Imran Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB),CRiMM, The University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan Author
Aqsa Gulzar Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB),CRiMM, The University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan. Author
Maryam Gulzar National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad,Pakistan Author
Shahrooz Basharat National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad,Pakistan Author
Faseeha Saman National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad,Pakistan Author
Ayesha Rana Sir Ganga Ram Hospital (SGRH), Lahore, Pakistan Author
Ishrat Nazar University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan Author
Sadia Ahmad National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad,Pakistan Author
Imsha Maryam National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad,Pakistan Author
Maham Gul Sher National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad,Pakistan Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69750/dmls.01.010.076

Keywords:

Ovarian cancer, nanoenzymes, biosensors, nanotechnology, targeted therapy

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is one of the most aggressive and deadly gynaecological malignancies and remains frequently diagnosed at advanced stages because of its asymptomatic progression and the inherent limitations of current diagnostic tests. Nanoenzymes (a class of nanotechnology-based artificial enzymes) have great promise in addressing these challenges. Nanoenzymes greatly improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in biosensors including optical and electrochemical systems, with real-time and high-precision detection of key biomarkers such as CA-125, HE4, and mesothelin. The high accuracy of optical biosensors, including fluorescence and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based technologies, for early-stage diagnosis, and the cost-effective, portable, and ultra-low detection limits of electrochemical biosensors make them attractive alternatives. Nanoenzyme-based drug delivery systems like liposomes, polymeric micelles, and Nanocapsules improve therapeutic outcomes by allowing targeted drug transport to tumor tissues, reducing systemic toxicity, and overcoming drug resistance in treatment. PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil), a liposomal formulation, has been shown to have enhanced efficacy in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, with reduced adverse effects. Further theranostic applications of metallic nanoparticles such as gold and iron oxide can be realized using targeted therapy and real-time imaging. These advancements come with their challenges, however, including biological barriers, systemic toxicity, and scalability before clinical translation. Interdisciplinary research, clinical validation, and the creation of regulatory frameworks for safety and efficacy are needed for future progress. Nanoenzymes offer promise to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer with their potential to facilitate early detection, therapeutic precision, and patient outcome while filling the huge gaps in current clinical approaches.

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