Prognostic Value of the Systemic Immune–Inflammation Index for Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69750/dmls.03.06.0215Keywords:
Stable coronary artery disease, Systemic Immune–Inflammation Index, major adverse cardiovascular events, inflammation, prognosisAbstract
Background: Chronic inflammation promotes the advancement of coronary atherosclerosis and increases poor cardiovascular outcomes, even in individuals with stable coronary artery disease. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), derived from basic hematological parameters, is a useful measure of systemic inflammatory and thrombotic activity; however, its effectiveness in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been fully verified.
Objective: To determine the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index's predictive value in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with stable coronary artery disease.
Methods: This prospective observational study, was conducted at Al-Aleem Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan, between January 2024 and January 2026, included 180 individuals with stable coronary artery disease. The SII index was computed as the product of the platelet and neutrophil counts divided by the lymphocyte count after the patients' baseline clinical and laboratory data were gathered. Over the course of a year, patients' incidence of notable adverse cardiovascular events was tracked. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were carried out.
Results: During the follow-up period, 38 patients had serious cardiovascular events. The SII levels were markedly elevated in those experiencing events compared to those not enduring events. The ideal cut-off value for SII was found to be 780, which had a sensitivity of 76.3%, a specificity of 74.6%, and an area under the curve of 0.82. Patients with SII ≥780 had markedly increased rates of cardiovascular events and reduced rates of event-free survival. SII served as an independent predictor of MACE after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk variables.
Conclusion: The SII functions as an autonomous and easily obtainable prognostic indicator for predicting MACE in patients with stable CAD. It may be used in conventional clinical evaluations and may improve risk classification and tailored secondary prevention.
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