Prevalence and Risk Determinants of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Obese Individuals with Insulin Resistance
NAFLD in Obese Individuals with Insulin Resistance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69750/dmls.03.02.0187Keywords:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, insulin resistance, prevalence, Pakistan, metabolic syndromeAbstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a prominent metabolic liver condition that is closely associated with obesity and dysfunction of insulin sensitivity. Despite the increasing occurrence, often the condition goes unnoticed, especially among the low- and middle-income countries such as Pakistan, where the metabolic risk factors are rapidly increasing.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the key factors contributing to the development of fatty liver disease in a tertiary care facility among people with obesity and insulin resistance.
Methods: This one-year cross-sectional research was carried out at Nishtar Medical University and Hospital in Multan, Pakistan, between January 2024 and January 2025. A total of 100 people (aged 18–65) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR > 2.5) were included. NAFLD was identified via abdominal ultrasonography. Demographic data, anthropometric measures, and biochemical indicators were gathered. Statistical analysis was carried out using the software program Version 26.0 of the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS), and independent predictors were identified using multivariate logistic regression.
Results: NAFLD was identified in 58% of the study population. Participants suffering from NAFLD had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglyceride levels, alanine aminotransferase, and HOMA-IR values compared with participants not suffering from steatosis (p<0.05). Insulin resistance was associated most strongly (OR: 2.10), followed by BMI, waist, and triglycerides. Although the males were more commonly affected, the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: A high burden of NAFLD was seen among obese and insulin-resistant individuals in Pakistan. Central adiposity and insulin resistance were found to be important determinants. Early detection and specific management of modifiable metabolic risk factors are necessary to restrict the course of the diseases and related complications.
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