Association of Iron Deficiency Anemia with Cognitive and Physical Performance in Women Presenting with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Cross-Sectional Study
Functional Impact of Iron Deficiency in Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69750/dmls.02.012.0177Keywords:
heavy menstrual bleeding, iron deficiency anemia, cognitive performance, physical performance, womenAbstract
Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding is a common gynecological problem and a leading cause of iron deficiency anemia in women of reproductive age. While anemia is routinely identified, its impact on cognitive function and physical performance is frequently under-recognized in clinical practice.
Objective: To determine the association of iron deficiency anemia with cognitive and physical performance in women presenting with heavy menstrual bleeding.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2024 to March 2025 at a tertiary-care hospital. A total of 120 women aged 18–45 years presenting with heavy menstrual bleeding were enrolled through consecutive sampling. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were measured to classify participants into iron deficiency anemia and non–iron deficiency anemia groups. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, while physical performance was evaluated using handgrip strength and the six-minute walk test. Statistical comparisons and multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess independent associations.
Results: Iron deficiency anemia was present in 58.3% of participants. Women with iron deficiency anemia demonstrated significantly lower cognitive scores and reduced physical performance compared to non-anemic women. Hemoglobin and ferritin levels showed positive correlations with both cognitive and physical performance measures. After adjustment for potential confounders, iron deficiency anemia remained an independent predictor of impaired cognitive function and reduced physical capacity.
Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is highly prevalent among women with heavy menstrual bleeding and is independently associated with poorer cognitive and physical performance. Routine screening and timely management of iron deficiency anemia should be integrated into standard care for women with heavy menstrual bleeding to improve functional outcomes.
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