Association Between Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Early Cardiac Dysfunction in Young Adults. A cross-Sectional Clinical Study: Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Early Cardiac Dysfunction

Muhammad Umar Abbas; Aimen Abbas; Muhammad Shahzaib Sajjad; Akhtar Ali; Sohail Amjad; Haris Abdullah

doi:10.69750/dmls.02.011.0172

Authors

Muhammad Umar Abbas House Officer, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan Author
Aimen Abbas MBBS Student, Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan Author
Muhammad Shahzaib Sajjad House Officer, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan Author
Akhtar Ali Assistant Professor, Pulmonology Department (ICU Head), Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan Author
Sohail Amjad House Officer, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan Author
Haris Abdullah House Officer, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69750/dmls.02.011.0172

Keywords:

Obesity, inflammation, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-6, global longitudinal strain, young adults, cardiac dysfunction

Abstract

Background: Obesity among young adults is a growing international problem and closely related to early cardiovascular alterations which may be asymptomatic. It is known that chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the major pathways between obesity and myocardial dysfunction.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the inflammatory biomarkers brought about by obesity and the premature cardiac dysfunction among the young adults.

Methods: It was a cross sectional clinical study that involved 100 young adults aged 18-35 years old who visited a tertiary care hospital. There was the acquisition of anthropometric measurements, fasting biochemicals, and inflammatory measures, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Full transthoracic echocardiography was done on all participants (tissue Doppler imaging and global longitudinal strain (GLS)). Patients having known cardiovascular/metabolic diseases were eliminated. Correlation analysis was conducted to establish the relationship that exists between inflammatory markers and cardiac parameters.

Results : 66 percent of the 100 respondents were obese, and 34 percent were overweight. The hs-CRP (5.6 ± 1.7 mg/L), IL-6 (7.2 ± 2.0 pg/mL), and TNF- a (14.6 ± 3.1 pg/mL) levels of the obese people were significantly greater than those of the overweight participants (p < 0.001). The subclinical heart failure was observed in 36 percent of subjects without a decrease in ejection fraction. Abnormal diastolic indices and impaired GLS had significant connections with increased inflammatory indices. There were significant correlations between hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha and GLS (r = -0.54, -0.47, -0.51; p < 0.001) and E/e/ ratio (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Systemic inflammation induced by obesity has a high relation with premature cardiac dysfunction in young adults. High levels of inflammatory biomarkers are well associated with reduced myocardial strains and diastolic abnormalities, thus the need to perform cardiovascular screening in young people with obesity. It could be possible to conduct early detection since it allows time to make lifestyle changes and prevent the development of cardiovascular disease in the future.

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